Comparing computers 2000-years-old to ones with today’s technology!

Comparisons like these are hard not to adore.

Take what some claim as the first computer, built some 2000 years ago by the Greeks…

Just what was it capable of?

Oh, you’d be surprised!

(PhysOrg.com) – It’s known as the Antikythera mechanism, a metal gear driven device found over a century ago on a sunken Roman ship, near the island of Antikythera, that for just as many years has had scientists analyzing, scratching their heads and offering suggestions as to its purpose.

Some have called the device the first analog computer; other’s the first mechanical computing device. Either way, the device very clearly demonstrates that the Greeks of 150 to 100 BCE knew far more about gears and calculating machines than had been thought possible just a decade or so ago.

After careful analysis with an x-ray tomography machine which allowed the device to be seen as a series of slices that could then be used to see all the way through the mechanism slice by slice (as is done with the same machine when analyzing organs inside a living human being) researchers, particularly Michael Wright, now of Imperial College, London, have come to believe they have almost a full understanding of what the machines was built to do; and that, was to calculate the position of celestial bodies.

Wright has even built (completed in 2006) what he believes to be an almost exact replica of the device.

If modern research is correct, the device worked by hand cranking a main dial to display a chosen date, causing the wheels and gears inside to display (via tabs on separate dials) the position of the sun, moon, and the five known planets at that time, for that date; a mechanical and technical feat that would not be seen again until the fourteenth century in Europe with precision clocks.

Also, some of the early research showed that the device actually used special gears to account for the elliptical shape of the moon’s orbit to account for what appeared to be a speed up and slow down as the moon moved around the Earth.

Now James Evans and his colleagues at the University of Puget Sound in Washington State, have shown that instead of trying to use the same kind of gear mechanism to account for the elliptical path the Earth takes around the sun, and subsequent apparent changes in speed, the inventor of the device may have taken a different tack, and that was to stretch or distort the zodiac on the dial face to change the width of the spaces on the face to make up for the slightly different amount of time that is represented as the hand moves around the face. [Read More]

Cool.

And now contrast it to the new Predator object-tracking software that tracks, recognizes, amends and learns that has been created thanks to a brilliant young man, utilizing today’s technology.

Zdenek Kalal’s Predator object-tracking software is almost uncanny. Show anything to its all-seeing camera eye, and it will quickly learn to recognize it and then track it, whether it fades into the distance, hides amongst other similar objects or — in the case of faces turns sideways.

It really lives up to its name, reminding us of the Predator’s HUD-enhanced vision in the movie of the same name.

Kalal is a Ph.D. student at the University of Surrey in England, researching projects that make computers see. His Predator algorithm is both fast and powerful.

After telling it what to look for (by dragging a box over the onscreen image) the Predator gets to work. Within seconds it can recognize patterns, objects and faces and track them as they shrink, grow and rotate. When Kalal hides from the camera and holds up a sheet of paper with his photo among a patchwork of thumbnails, Predator picks his face out immediately.

Four minutes might seem like a long time in today’s attention-starved world, but you should watch Kalal’s demo video. It’s worth it just to see him scooting hyperactively around on his office chair.

Keep watching past the credits and you’ll see plenty of other uses, such as tracking individual animals for research, and chasing cars and people across multiple security cameras. It’s not hard to imagine more.

Remember the assassination of Mahmoud Al-Mabhouh in Dubai last year? The Dubai authorities tracked the assassins — probably Israeli Mossad agents — across hours and hours of city-wide security footage. Predator would likely make that a lot easier. [Read More]

Easier or scarier? Hard to say which is the better descriptor.

Yep, these two?

Just within a ‘stones throw’, eh?

Wow.

How far we’ve come – Breathtaking!

But even as amazing as the new advancements are…

A question comes to mind: Which of these two, do you think, will be the one more revered by future historians and which one will become the forgotten technological relic by our upcoming ancestors?

Yes, you know the answer.

Interesting how that works out, isn’t it?

Even as amazing as they are…

Today’s advancements cannot hold a candle to our past.

With ADHD a brain conditioned to NEED drugs, turns to drugs?

Ugh!

As yet another one of those instances, where the refusal to connect different pieces of information makes a group of people, who one would naturally assume is supposed to be smart…

Sidesteps wisdom altogether:

[via Scientific American] Two recent, large reviews of previous studies reveal one disquieting answer: Getting an ADHD diagnosis in childhood is associated with nicotine and alcoholdependence in adulthood.
The two studies’ results on marijuana and other drugs, however, were more mixed. One review—a meta-analysis published in the April issue of Clinical Psychology Review by a team of researchers at the University of California, Los Angeles, (U.C.L.A.) and the University of South Carolina, Columbia—concluded that children with ADHD also have a strong risk of abusing marijuana, cocaine and other unspecified drugs. [Read More]

Duh.

No freaking’ kidding!

Especially when the basic form of treatment for this condition is DRUGS, and one exceedingly similar to cocaine…

Like cocaine, Ritalin is a powerful stimulant that increases alertness and productivity. Ritalin and cocaine also look and act the same. Both have a similar chemical structure, and both increase dopamine levels in the brain. They do this by blocking a dopamine transporter protein responsible for the reuptake of dopamine at the synapse.

The dopamine transporter normally moves dopamine from the synapse into the sending neuron.

Ritalin and cocaine block the dopamine transporter, causing an increase in dopamine concentration at the synapse.

Ritalin and CocaineRitalin and CocaineRitalin (pic 1,3)

Cocaine (pic 2,4)

Is Ritalin Addicting?Ritalin is not addictive when taken as prescribed by doctors. Why this difference between Ritalin and cocaine? Ritalin is a pill that you swallow, so the drug takes longer to reach the brain. Cocaine is taken in high doses by injection or snorting. It floods the brain quickly with dopamine, which makes it dangerous and addictive.

Unfortunately, Ritalin is quickly becoming a drug of choice for teens. It’s relatively cheap and accessible. And because it’s a prescription drug, it’s perceived to be safe. But if Ritalin is abused (taken in high doses) or taken improperly (by injection or snorting), it can be just as addictive as cocaine. This is because drug delivery methods can influence the addictive potential of a drug. [Read More]

Quizzle me this: How can it be ‘disquieting’ that a brain conditioned to NEED drugs, turns to drugs?

I do not get the rampant obviousness that is THIS.

Again, let me reiterate…

UGH!

Morons – Pay attention, connect the dots!

I tell you, their lack of wisdom is alarming.

And when it comes to our kids?

These researchers lack of wisdom is even alarming–uh…

–er.

Not a word, but still…

Counting it.

Alcohol’s effects increases risk for excessive drinking, so does The Perfect Bloody Mary!

Uh, I think they left out one important factor, which needs to be considered…

For some people, alcohol is a social lubricant. For others, it’s an unpleasant downer. New research shows that a person’s response to alcohol can predict their future drinking behavior, including their frequency of binge drinking and the risk of developing an alcohol-use disorder. Though often described as a depressant, alcohol produces a mix of stimulant and sedative effects that can vary from individual to individual. Psychiatrists have previously hypothesized that people who experience weaker alcohol effects are more likely to abuse the substance, known as the “low-level response theory.”

But a new study published in Archives of General Psychiatry by University of Chicago researchers finds that heavy drinkers actually experience greater sensitivity to the rewarding and stimulating effects of alcohol, along with lower sedation. This “double whammy” of alcohol effects predicted those who progressed to more severe drinking and alcohol-use disorders over two years of follow-up, researchers discovered.

“The results change our thinking about how alcohol responses affect the development of an alcohol-use disorder,” said Andrea King, PhD, professor of psychiatry and behavioral neuroscience at the University of Chicago and lead author of the study. “It’s not just overall tolerance, but also sensitivity to alcohol’s euphoric effects that increases risk for excessive drinking.” [Read More]

And it is that

The taste of the drink that can lead to excessive drinking.

On that note?

I give you the recipe for The Perfect Bloody Mary!

I know…

*slaps hand*

Bad blogger!

To ring in the International Year of Chemistry, the American Chemical Society is celebrating the practical applications of chemistry by giving tips on the perfect Bloody Mary.

Kids, the American Chemical Society has a message for you: Don’t drink. Adults, the American Chemical Society has a slightly different message: Don’t drink unless you can get it right.

Mixing drinks in your mouth by taking alternate shots of vodka and spritzes of lime juice is not okay. Leaving the crust of salt off the rim of a glass full of margarita is lazy. Failing to chill a martini glass – what, were you raised in a barn? But one of the most complicated and crucial drinks is a Bloody Mary. Not only does it have nearly all the tastes – sweet, salt, sour and umami – packed into one little glass, it’s perfectly acceptable to down one of these as breakfast.

A quick recipe for the the drink:

1 oz vodka
5 oz tomato juice
1/2 oz lemon juice
pinch celery salt
2 shakes Worcestershire sauce
2 shakes Tobasco sauce
ground black pepper

Serve it over ice and garnish it with a celery stick and a lemon wedge.

The Bloody Mary not only has a rich flavor, but you can smell it coming to you. This is, according to the American Chemical Society, due to all the volatile compounds in it that leap out of the drink and head around the room, looking for people to entice. But the lack of stability of the compounds in the drink mean that it’s vital to make the drink fresh. The ACS also strongly suggests that the whole concoction be chilled at every stage. The chemical reactions involving acid can be slowed if the drink stays cool enough. And make sure the tomato juice – the main bulk of the drink – is top notch.

And where to scrimp? Strangely enough, the booze. Cheap vodka has to fight its way through Tobasco, Worcestershire, and often a crust of celery salt around the glass. The actual alcohol part of the Bloody Mary is so inconsequential that different regions just sub in whatever is on hand. The Bloody Geisha uses sake. The Bloody Maureen uses Guinness. The Bloody Molly uses Irish whiskey. Apparently, as long as you get the filler right, you can use any bloody thing. [Read More at my favorite website, io9!]

All you binge drinker can thank me later.

The problem with Saturday night is Sunday morning. Yes, I’m talking about the hangover. I’m talking about fuzz in your mouth and ringing in your ears. I’m talking about that “did I really say that?” feeling and that “OMFG, I did” reaction. The solution to Sunday morning is the perfect Bloody Mary. [Read More]

See?

One instance where drinking isn’t a bad thing.

And OK, it’s only good purpose is to offset a bad night of drinking…

But, hey, that still counts.

So you’re welcome – Cheers!

No?

Aw – Darn.

*slaps hand AGAIN*

Present day information overload leading to a loss of wisdom?

If taken individually, trying to absorb each and every piece of information as a single entity?

Then, yes, I would agree the information overload can be quite overwhelming.

There is seemingly so much to learn and so little time.

What is one to make of it all?

HALF-CENTURY ago Marshall McLuhan wrote: “We are today as far into the electric age as the Elizabethans had advanced into the typographical and mechanical age. And we are experiencing the same confusions and indecisions which they had felt when living simultaneously in two contrasted forms of society and experience.” His electric age had no email, no web-surfing, no cellphones, much less Facebook and Twitter. McLuhan was mainly watching television.

We don’t call it the electric age any more. We know perfectly well that we are living in the information age. But McLuhan was right: we are still experiencing “confusions and indecisions”, more than ever before. There is a universally recognised metaphor for our predicament: flood. There is a sensation of drowning, of information as a rising, churning deluge. Data washes over us from above and below. One may lose the ability to impose order on the chaos of sensations. Truth seems hard to find amid a multitude of plausible fictions.

Our world is built on the science of information theory, created by engineers and mathematicians in the 1940s, but hard on the heels of information theory have come “information overload”, “information glut”, “information anxiety”, and “information fatigue”. This last was recognised by the Oxford English Dictionary in 2009 as a syndrome for our times: “apathy, indifference, or mental exhaustion arising from exposure to too much information, especially (in later use) stress induced by the attempt to assimilate excessive amounts of information from the media, the internet, or at work”.

In 2007, the writer David Foster Wallace coined a more ominous name for this modern condition: “total noise”, created by “the tsunami of available fact, context, and perspective”. He talked about the sensation of drowning and also of a loss of autonomy, of personal responsibility for being informed.

Another way to speak of the anxiety is in terms of the gap between information and knowledge. A barrage of data so often fails to tell us what we need to know. Knowledge, in turn, does not guarantee enlightenment or wisdom. As T. S. Eliot asked in his pageant play The Rock: “Where is the wisdom we have lost in knowledge? Where is the knowledge we have lost in information?” It is an ancient observation, but it seems to bear restating as information becomes ubiquitous – and we live in a world where all bits are created equal and information is divorced from meaning. [Read More]

This is the way MOST people take and look at information, tis true…

Piece by piece.

Read, comprehend, absorb and move on to the next abstract piece of information individuality.

But it doesn’t have to be this way.

There are other ways to look at information and that is in regards to how it fits/connects with others…

A way that promotes personal intellectual enlightenment through the utilization of knowledge, and a pathway to wisdom.

Wisdom?

It doesn’t have to be lost.

Going on the assumption, of course that everything is connected.

And if the brain is given the chance to interlace the pieces?

It will do just that.

Interconnect.

After all, the brain works this way interlacing what we see, hear or experience…

Filling in the gaps where needed.

Why wouldn’t it do it with what we think, comprehend and reason?

[via Physorg] The team from the Institute of  and Psychology conducted a series of experiments that showed how our brains predict what cannot be seen by drawing on our previous  to build up an accurate picture.

The results show that our brains do not rely solely on what is shown to the eyes in order to ‘see’. Instead the  constructs a complex prediction.

Dr Lars Muckli, from the University’s Institute of Neuroscience and  said: “We are continuously anticipating what we will see, hear or feel next. If parts of an image are obstructed we still have precise expectation of what the whole object will look like.

“When direct input from the eye is obstructed, the brain still predicts what is likely to be present behind the object by using some of the other inputs to come up with best ‘guesses’.

“We showed three different images to a group of subjects. The lower right section of each image was covered with a white rectangle. Using MRI brain imaging equipment we then measured brain activity in the region responding to the white rectangle.”

Dr Fraser Smith, from the same Institute, said: “On first sight, the brains response to the white rectangle is quite similar for each image but we were able to use brain reading techniques to reveal what the subject’s brain ‘saw’ behind the white panel. Subjects don’t see what is hidden but the brain is still able to make a good estimate.

Effectively, our brains construct an incredibly complex jigsaw puzzle using any pieces it can get access to. These are provided by the context in which we see them, our memories and our other senses.”

Dr Muckli added: “Sometimes the brain’s guess can be so convincing that we see visual illusions; in our example there was no visual illusion seen – the white space was not filled-in by an actual illusion. Nevertheless we found a way to reveal the brains guess of what lies behind the object.” [Read More]

Much like it would in regards to perceived truths or thoughts?

Like pieces of a puzzle, everything interconnects.

Everything.

Information?

Should be looked at no different.

Knowledge is a process of piling up facts; wisdom lies in their simplification.  ~Martin H. Fischer

And once you figure that out?

Hello, wisdom!

Thanks to dinoflagellates & selenia dentaria? Mother Nature is still ‘Winning!’

And just to show Mother Nature 1)I forgive her for her Bieber Confusion 2)Still think she’s awesome?

I found these two wonderful little gems to enjoy, which show case Her ability to create the most amazing things.

The first one gem, an insect whom in a desperate attempt at survival, wishes to remain unseen…

Masquerading caterpillars not so bird-brained

Caterpillars who mimic twigs know to select their hiding spots carefully in order to outwit looming predators, a new study has shown, researchers hoping the information will contribute to conservation efforts in the future.

Rather than trying to blend in with its surroundings, a masquerading animal attempts to look like an inedible or uninteresting object, and in the case of caterpillars, this means a simple twig. By understanding the type of environment required by these animals to hide themselves successfully, scientists are hoping to develop more effective conservation strategies.

“It is important to remember that the inedible objects these creatures resemble must remain abundant in order to protect them from predators,” said animal behaviour psychologist John Skelhorn from Exeter University in the UK.

A daytime masquerade

Camouflage involves the prey blending in with the environment to avoid being seen by predators. Masquerade, however, involves being detected by the predator but being mistaken for an inedible object.

The study, published this week in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, documents the complex habitat selection strategies the Early Thorn moth caterpillar (selenia dentaria) uses to outwit its predators. The study also looked at the behaviour of the predator, the domestic chick (gallus gallus domesticus).

In the first part of the study, caterpillars were given a choice between branches with a lot of twigs and branches with only a few twigs.

The caterpillars favoured branches with lots of twigs during times when predators that hunt by sight are active. At night when visual predators are rare the caterpillars favoured branches with more food, regardless of the number of twigs present. [Read More]

While the second gem of Mother Nature’s awesome creations?

Definitely wants to put on a show!

At night, Mosquito Bay flashes green with an eerie ethereal light. Bright blue tracer lines suddenly appear in the water as small fish dart through the blackness. But this illumination has nothing to do with spirits or aliens: Mosquito Bay happens to be one of the most bioluminescent bodies of water in the world.

Bioluminescence is a form of natural light created by living organisms converting internal chemical energy into light. The light in Mosquito Bay is created by tiny organisms called dinoflagellates (specifically Pyrodimium bahamense or “swirling fire”), and Mosquito Bay contains an astonishing number – roughly 700,000 per single gallon of water. Although they’re microscopic, the effective size of the light they give off is a hundred times larger than their own bodies, and in great numbers they light up like an underwater aurora borealis.

Trapped by a curve in the Bay’s opening and fed by the surrounding mangroves, the dinoflagellates find Mosquito Bay a perfect home. Thought to bioluminesce as a defense mechanism – to attract predators that can ward off the small fish who eat them – dinoflagellates make light upon sensing any movement in the water, swirling out bright blue-green plumes that eventually diffuse back into the dark stillness of the Bay. This makes swimming in the Bay a truly astonishing – not to mention surreal – experience.

There are a number of outfits that will take people out to the bio-bay, but be sure to select one that uses kayaks, and don’t wear bug spray, as gas and DEET kill dinoflagellates. In addition, be sure to visit on a night with no or little moonlight, as seeing the bioluminescence in near-total darkness is truly amazing. [Read More]

Proof: Mother Nature is still ‘Winning!’

No matte what Justin Bieber’s mere existence exclaims to the contrary.

Mother Nature?

Still THE girl.

In Her confusion? Mother Nature created Justin Bieber.

Pffft.

No kidding.

Researchers found that craniofacial differences between contemporary men and women are less pronounced than they were in the 16th century.

Assessing the 16th century skulls was important to the researchers because it allowed them to determine how the different features of male and female skulls have changed over time. “This has applications for characterizing older remains,” Ross says. “Applying 20th century standards to historical remains could be misleading, since sex differences can change over time – as we showed in this study.” [Read More]

This just proves what all the non-Justin Bieber fans already know…

Mother Nature was totally confused when she made Justin Bieber.

But that’s OK, hun…

Happens to the best of us!